A new class of white luminescent materials, white-light-emitting graphene quantum dots (WGQDs), have attracted increasing attention because of their unique features and potential applications. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel WGQDs via a solvothermal molecular fusion strategy. The modulation of chlorine doping amount and reaction temperature gives the WGQDs a single-crystalline structure and bright white fluorescence properties. In particular, the WGQDs also exhibit novel and robust white phosphorescence performance for the first time. An optimum fluorescence quantum yield of WGQDs is 34%, which exceeds the majority of reported WGQDs and other white luminescent materials. The WGQDs display broad-spectrum absorption within almost the entire visible light region, broad full width at half maximum and extend their phosphorescence emission to the entire white long-wavelength region. This unique dual-mode optical characteristic of the WGQDs originates from the synergistic effect of low-defect and high chlorine-doping in WGQDs and enlarges their applications in white light emission devices, cell nuclei imaging, and information encryption. Our finding provides us an opportunity to design and construct more advanced multifunctional white luminescent materials based on metal-free carbon nanomaterials.Mixed 2'-F-riboguanosine and 2'-F-arabinoguanosine disubstitutions of a hybrid-type G-quadruplex are found to induce a refolding into two alternative structures with different types of V-loops upon positional exchange of the two G analogs. While conformational preferences of the incorporated G surrogates fail to fully account for the observed rearrangements, additional hydrogen bonds with a fluorine acceptor are suggested to be critical determinants of the two distinct V-loop conformers imposing different tetrad polarities.No-wash detection of small molecules in real samples has been attracting attention in the field of sensors including electroanalytical biosensors. Based on the direct electrochemical oxidation of fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) on a CoN nanoarray electrode, we developed a ratiometric molecularly imprinted polymeric electrochemical (MIP-EC) sensor to realize no-wash detection of BHPF in serum and tap water. The CoN nanoarray in situ grown on carbon cloth (CC) served as the working electrode, which could load the electroactive toluidine blue (TB) and be modified by the MIPs. As the MIP concentration on the modified electrode surface was increased, the amount of BHPF exposed on the electrode surface increased and the amount of exposed TB decreased. Thus, the values of ΔITB and ΔIBHPF decreased and increased, respectively, with an increasing amount of BHPF. Therefore, a ratiometric strategy was established by using the value of ΔITB/ΔIBHPF as the instruction response to realize detection of BHPF with high sensitivity and reliability. The developed ratiometric MIP-EC sensor showed strong anti-interference ability, good detection reproducibility and stability towards no-wash detection of BHPF as shown from tests with real samples. This work can further provide theoretical and practical guidance for the detection of other familiar small molecules.Correction for 'Towards normalization selection of Raman data in the context of protein glycation application of validity indices to PCA processed spectra' by Fatima Alsamad et al., Analyst, 2020, DOI 10.1039/c9an02155h.The deposition of colloidal particles can cause particulate fouling on solid walls and the formation of clogs during the transport of colloidal suspensions in microchannels. The particle deposition rate grows over time and blocks the microchannels eventually. The process of particle deposition is affected by various physicochemical parameters. In this paper, we investigate the effect of temperature gradient on the particle deposition of a pressure-driven suspension flow in a microchannel. We designed a microfluidic device which can allow direct observation of the real-time process of particle deposition with single-particle resolution along the direction of applied temperature gradient. The experimental results show that particle deposition rate is decreased by increasing the applied temperature gradients. Based on the framework of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, we then derive a mass transport model to describe the particle deposition under different temperature gradients. The model shows that the observed reduction of particle deposition rate with temperature gradient is due to the collective effect of the temperature gradient and the bulk solution temperature in the two steps of the particle deposition process, including the particle transport and the particle attachment. Our work illustrates the critical effects of temperature gradients on the particle deposition in microchannels, and is expected to provide a better understanding of thermally driven particulate fouling and clogging in microfluidic devices.In hydroxy-functionalized ionic liquids, two types of hydrogen bonding coexist the conventional H-bonds between cation and anion (c-a) and those between cation and cation (c-c), although the interaction between like-charged ions is supposed to be much weaker due to the repulsive Coulomb forces. Counting the cations involved in either (c-a) or (c-c) clusters is a challenge. For that purpose, we recently performed neutron diffraction (ND) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at and above room temperature accompanied by NMR solid-state experiments in the glassy state of the ILs. In principle, these methods are suitable for determining the populations of (c-a) and (c-c) cluster species. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dibutyryl-camp-bucladesine.html For different reasons we could only address single temperatures and/or small temperature intervals above 300 K. The by far largest temperature range with reasonable efforts is accessible by simple infrared (IR) spectroscopy. However, counting (c-a) or (c-c) hydrogen bonds is a difficult task due to the different transition dipole moments resulting in varying intensities and broad vibrational bands. Here we present a method for deriving the number of cations involved in (c-a) ion pairs from IR spectra in the OH stretch region. This procedure provides access to the equilibria of (c-a) and (c-c) hydrogen bonds as a function of temperature allowing derivation of the transition enthalpy.